منابع مشابه
s . in s - de t ] 2 2 Ju l 1 99 8 Carbon Coated Gas Electron Multipliers
Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) have been overcoated with a high resistivity 10 14 −10 15 Ω/ amorphous carbon layer. The coating avoids charging up of the holes and provides a constant gain immediately after switching on independent of the rate. The gain uniformity across the GEM is improved. Coating opens the possibility to produce thick GEMs of very high gain.
متن کاملA First Mass Production of Gas Electron Multipliers
We report on the manufacture of a first batch of approximately 2,000 Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) using 3M’s fully automated roll to roll flexible circuit production line. This process allows low-cost, reproducible fabrication of a high volume of GEMs of dimensions up to 30×30 cm. First tests indicate that the resulting GEMs have optimal properties as radiation detectors. Production techniqu...
متن کاملConstruction and Performance of a Micro-Pattern Stereo Detector with Two Gas Electron Multipliers
The construction of a micro-pattern gas detector of dimensions 40×10 cm is described. Two gas electron multiplier foils (GEM) provide the internal amplification stages. A twolayer readout structure was used, manufactured in the same technology as the GEM foils. The strips of each layer cross at an effective crossing angle of 6.7 degrees and have a 406μm pitch. The performance of the detector ha...
متن کاملThe detection efficiency of electron multipliers
The variation of the detection efficiency of electron multipliers used in the pulse-counting mode is investigated as a function of the average gain per dynode, the energy of the electrons being detected and the applied voltage. It is assumed that the pulse-height distributions can be obtained from Polya statistics and that the universal yield curve for secondary emission is applicable. Results ...
متن کاملPyrolytic carbon coated black silicon
Carbon is the most well-known black material in the history of man. Throughout the centuries, carbon has been used as a black material for paintings, camouflage, and optics. Although, the techniques to make other black surfaces have evolved and become more sophisticated with time, carbon still remains one of the best black materials. Another well-known black surface is black silicon, reflecting...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
سال: 1999
ISSN: 0168-9002
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9002(98)01315-1